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News Articles |
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| Acellular pertussis vaccines may be impractical for developing countries | August 1996: High cost, complex production and no significant efficacy advantages may make DTaP unattainable for many developing nations. |
| Acellular vaccines could change epidemiology of pertussis disease | May 1996: In an exclusive interview, James Cherry, MD, told us that increased use of acellular pertussis vaccines may allow boosters later in life. |
| ACIP considers whether to assess CD4 levels before using MMR vaccine | August 1996: An unusual case of measles pneumonitis in a severely immunocompromised person may be related to vaccination with MMR. |
| ACIP prepares draft DTaP recommendations | April 1996: In anticipation of licensure, the ACIP is working out the details of its recommendations for using acellular pertussis vaccines. |
| ACIP readies DTaP vaccination recommendations | December 1996: Because of safety concerns, acellular pertussis vaccines are preferred for the primary series. |
| ACIP reviews measles vaccine recommendations | April 1996: The committee is considering a recommendation that all states adopt laws requiring a second dose of measles vaccine by school entry. |
| ACIP tries harmonizing options for polio vaccination | April 1996: The ACIP wants to allow for crossover and simplicity among all acceptable polio immunization strategies. |
| Actions speak louder than words | September 1996: You need to give more than just information to change teens' behavior; you need to show them an alternative. |
| Adolescents remain at risk for diseases because of undervaccination | October 1996: Health officials are turning to the media to promote adolescent immunizations. |
| Adult sexual behavior puts adolescents at risk for STDs | February 1996: According to the statistics, the source of infection must be outside the adolescents' peer group; that is, adults. |
| After 25 years of MMR vaccine, children do not know the disease | June 1996: The CDC estimates that 24,600 lives and $34.6 billion have been saved because of MMR vaccine. |
| Amoxicillin remains drug of choice for initial AOM therapy | February 1996: One reason is that amoxicillin resistance results in few treatment failures. |
| Bacteria steal genes, spread antibiotic resistance | June 1996: Multidrug-resistant Streptococci switch their coat to evade immune system. |
| Bar codes may help bypass immunization tracking problems | August 1996: Tracking who receives vaccinations is essential to achieving national goals: to fully immunize 90% of the nation's 2-year olds by 2000. |
| Beware of viral imposters when diagnosing group A strep pharyngitis | September 1996: A benign carrier state and viral infections may prompt inappropriate penicillin prescriptions. |
| Candidiasis a common vulvovaginitis | March 1996: Taking a thorough history is critical. Smears help make the diagnosis. |
| CDC changes polio policy amid controversy | October 1996: Experts debate whether the change is a logical step or a halfway policy. |
| CDC working to overcome problem of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae | June 1996: A sixtyfold increase in resistant isolates, including more than 20 different strains of pneumococci within the last three or four years, has prompted a defense strategy. |
| Child care workers have low rate of hepatitis A virus infection | September 1996: Immunizing these workers against the virus may not be warranted under usual circumstances. |
| Children should still be treated for otitis until new criteria are developed | December 1996: Some European countries do not treat AOM immediately. They have lower resistance rates, but more cases of mastoiditis. |
| Children with chickenpox at high risk for invasive group A strep | October 1996: Population-based study defines who is at risk for invasive infections caused by group A streptococci. |
| Children with E. coli O157 should be monitored for HUS | December 1996: Physicians must be aware of the new vehicles for E. coli O157:H7 to make the correct diagnosis. |
| Clarithromycin treats C trachomatis in babies | March 1996: The drug effectively eradicated the pathogen in 95% of cases in this study. |
| Community immunization registries coming closer to reality in U.S. | October 1996: The protection of confidentiality and the administrative burden of creating nationwide databases are still major issues of concern. |
| Conjugate vaccines may reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci | February 1996: Reduced nasopharyngeal carriage will help slow the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. |
| Contaminated grafts cause meningitis in recipients | October 1996: Three children developed Ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis from contaminated grafts. |
| Density and turnover rate important risk factors in day care infections | July 1996: Crowding, direct contact, the opportunity for indirect transmission and lack of toilet training can increase the spread of infection in a day care setting. |
| Dermatophyte infections have many presentations | March 1996: Be on the lookout for tinea capitis, especially atypical presentations, pediatrician advises. |
| Determining sinusitis therapy is difficult | March 1996: Persistent symptoms are an indication of a secondary bacterial infection. |
| Diagnosing erythema multiforme can be tricky | March 1996: It is relatively uncommon in children. Suspect urticaria in most cases. |
| Diagnosis is critical in urinary tract infections | February 1996: Sequelae of UTIs can include vesicle ureteral reflux, renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. |
| Diseases vanquished by vaccines may catch pediatricians off guard | September 1996: Infectious Diseases in Children takes a look at these disappearing diseases in this special report. |
| Do common warts need treatment? | July 1996: Time heals most warts, so pediatricians may not want to treat them. Parents, however, may insist that they be treated. |
| Drug-resistant pneumococci may alter care for patients with otitis media | February 1996 |
| DTaP vaccine approved for infant series | September 1996: An acellular pertussis vaccine may now be given to infants at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months of age. |
| Emerging resistance prompts reconsideration of standard therapy | January 1996: A nationwide pneumococcal surveillance study showed that the overall prevalence for intermediate and highly resistant strains was 15%. |
| Escherichia coli O144:NM associated with encephalopathy in two children | December 1996: Enteroinvasive E. coli O144 was the only possible explanation for two cases of encephalopathy; the mechanism, however, is unknown. |
| E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice raises questions about pasteurization | December 1996: Two outbreaks, including one death, linked to fresh apple juice triggers probe into juice-making process. |
| FDA approves drug to prevent RSV disease in some children | February 1996: Evidence shows that RSV immune globulin prevents lower respiratory tract infections in children with certain underlying medical conditions. |
| FDA approves second hepatitis A vaccine | May 1996: The CDC estimates that 143,000 cases of HAV infection occur in the United States each year. |
| FDA approves the first carbapenem for children | August 1996: The drug promises to be a reliable empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis and other serious infections. |
| FDA committee requires more data on acellular pertussis vaccine | December 1996: Committee not satisfied with the low numbers presented in the Amvax study. |
| FDA recommends approval for another acellular pertussis vaccine | December 1996: FDA committee recommends approval of first three doses of the Wyeth-Lederle acellular pertussis vaccine Acel-Imune. |
| Federal agencies, private industry join forces for vaccine R&D | January 1996: By combining their resources, the public and private sectors can help each other achieve research goals. |
| First DTaP recommended for FDA approval | March 1996: A diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine is safe and effective for the primary infant series. |
| Five-prong approach gives pediatricians solid standing in treating acute otitis | December 1996: Consider education, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination for AOM. If disease persists look at surgery and an immunologic work-up. |
| GI infection? Ask if the child was swimming | May 1996 |
| Guidelines to prevent invasive GBS in neonates issued | July 1996: One of two recommended strategies could reduce the incidence of early onset invasive group B strep disease by 90% to 95%. |
| HHV-7 implicated in febrile seizures in children | July 1996: Whether the virus or the resulting fever actually causes the seizure is still uncertain. |
| Hib meningitis declines 95% among American children thanks to vaccine | December 1996: Before the introduction of the vaccine, Hib was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among U.S. children 5 and under. |
| High HIV load in newborns predicts rapid onset of AIDS | August 1996 |
| HIV vaccine research moving slowly but surely | June 1996: Vaccine candidates, most in early trials, continue to test the limits of technology. |
| Identify the parasite responsible for diarrheal illness, researcher urges | January 1996: Which drug to use for treatment, if any, depends on the parasite causing the diarrhea. |
| Immune system compromised by excessive exercise and low-fat diet | October 1996: Low-fat diets, which many competitive athletes follow, may weaken the immune system, while increasing dietary fat to moderate levels may improve it. |
| Improving risk communication an ongoing goal of federal agencies | October 1996: The CDC considered its failure to properly notify parents about an experimental vaccine a minor oversight; the public considered it a breach of trust. |
| Immunization strategies break traditions | January 1996: It is no longer enough to depend on regularly scheduled office visits to immunize children; they must be reached in their communities. |
| Infectious diseases remain major global health threat, especially to children | July 1996: Of the 52 million deaths during 1995, one-third were caused by infectious diseases. |
| Lettuce can transmit E. coli 0157:H7 to humans | October 1996: Lettuce consumption linked to separate 1995 outbreaks of diarrheal illness in two states. |
| Make sure it's sinusitis before giving antibiotics | December 1996: A secondary bacterial infection will benefit from antimicrobial therapy; allergic rhinitis or an upper respiratory infection will not. |
| Maternal smoking linked to fourfold increase in meningococcal risk | June 1996: Crowding, low maternal education and having no primary care physician are among other risk factors. |
| Measles vaccine study damages perception of federal research projects | October 1996: An inaccurate informed consent form may have lasting repercussions on the public's trust of government research. |
| Mother-to-infant HIV transmission rate declines after guidelines are published | August 1996 |
| National Immunization Survey reveals increasing vaccination coverage | August 1996: The 1995 Childhood Immunization Initiative interim coverage goals have been met or exceeded for all vaccinations except measles-mumps-rubella. |
| New findings: Amoxicillin may not prevent repeat episodes of acute otitis media | June 1996: Chewing gum containing the food additive xylitol, however, might lower the risk for recurrent AOM. |
| New guidelines for PCP prophylaxis in children infected with HIV | April 1996: All children exposed to HIV should receive prophylaxis at 4 to 6 weeks of age. |
| New topical acne treatment approved | July 1996: Acne is most prevalent during the teenage and young adult years, affecting about 85% of those 12 to 24 years old. Seventeen million Americans have acne. |
| Not all warts in anogenital areas signal abuse | July 1996: An extensive medical and social examination needs to be done to evaluate these children. |
| NVAC explores controversial vaccine procurement plan | March 1996: The CDC's vaccine purchasing system is quickly becoming outdated as overlapping combinations enter the market. |
| Oral treatment may be as good as IV therapy for treating UTIs in young kids | July 1996: An effective oral treatment for UTIs in children from 1 month to 24 months of age could prevent many hospitalizations and save health care dollars. |
| Pediatrician may have exposed children to TB | May 1996: As a result of the potential exposure, up to 3,432 people may receive skin tests. So far, 51 people, including 12 children, tested positive. |
| Pentavalent combination vaccine appears to be immunogenic in infants | December 1996: The combination consists of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio and Hib vaccines. |
| Political squabbles threaten vaccine policy | January 1996 |
| Possible new reservoir for Lyme disease discovered | August 1996: Naming of the shrew |
| Prenatal virus infection may cause diabetes | July 1996: More children with diabetes are born in the spring, suggesting that a maternal infection may play a role. |
| Raspberries a prime suspect in multistate outbreak of GI illness | August 1996: A protozoan parasite called Cyclospora cayetanensis is the culprit. Initially, investigators had focused their attention on strawberries. |
| Recommendations for using varicella vaccine | September 1996: Vaccination is recommended for virtually anyone who has not had prior infection; immunodeficiency is a contraindication. |
| Record reviews boost immunization coverage rates | April 1996: Because of the success of a Georgia assessment program, the ACIP is encouraging other states to follow suit. |
| Reducing bacterial contamination through vaccination on the farm | September 1996: The vaccination resulted in a 16% to 93% reduction in the numbers of bacteria carried by broiler chickens. |
| Research team isolates HGE bacterium for the first time | April 1996: Others have issued a report that may help pediatricians diagnose the disease. |
| Researchers do not recommend nebulized dexamethasone for children with croup | June 1996: The therapy did not reduce the hospital admission rate among children with moderately severe croup. |
| Simple treatment best in diaper dermatitis | March 1996: Minimal irritating contact, mild cleansing and barrier ointments are still the way to go. Look for complicating disease in severe cases. |
| Some cases of Crohn's disease appear to respond to antibiotic treatment | July 1996: Evidence suggests that a mycobacterium has a role in the illness; investigators have tested clarithromycin alone and in combination with rifabutin. |
| Spider bites can be more than a nuisance | May 1996: The red, white and blue 'flag sign' can help distinguish a spider bite. The center is pale, surrounded by a dusky purple and erythema. |
| State laws requiring immunizations for school entry fall short of recommendations | September 1996: Not all states follow federal vaccination guidelines, leaving some children under vaccinated. |
| STD tests may be avoidable when evaluating some girls for sexual abuse | March 1996: Investigators find that sexually abused prepubertal girls have a relatively low prevalence of STDs. |
| Steroids ineffective for treating bronchiolitis | October 1996: Dexamethasone did not reduce the time to resolution in normal, healthy children with bronchiolitis. |
| Study shows efficacy of 5-day cefuroxime axetil therapy for AOM | April 1996: Pediatricians may be able to shorten the duration of treatment and improve compliance. |
| Study shows nasally inhaled steroid may prevent seasonal allergy symptoms | May 1996: In one trial in children, triamcinolone provided significantly better relief of symptoms — runny nose, stuffiness, sneezing and itching — than did placebo. |
| Style and approach important when talking to teens with problems | September 1996: Four ways to help teens are: practice good medicine, assess kids before crises happen; change behavior; and advocate for social justice. |
| Three-component DTaP safe and effective for infants | August 1996: The second acellular pertussis vaccine for primary immunizations to be considered by the FDA passed the scrutiny of its advisory committee. |
| Unanswered questions continue to haunt pertussis vaccine research | July 1996: Acellular pertussis vaccine trials showed safety and efficacy, but they did not address other questions. |
| USDA beefs up meat inspection standards | September 1996: In an attempt to reduce contamination, all meat and poultry products must now be tested for Escherichia coli and Salmonella. |
| Vaccinating moms to protect baby may be a practice whose time has come | August 1996: The population is there, the science is there, the precedent is there, so why don't we vaccinate women who are pregnant? |
| Vaccine safety crucial but impossible to guarantee | January 1996: A complex regulatory and monitoring system produces the safest vaccines possible, but no biologic product is 100% safe. |
| Viral enterotoxin induces rotavirus-like diarrhea | June 1996: How rotavirus causes diarrhea is not fully understood; a nonstructural glycoprotein may be the key. |
Editorials |
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| Let's take another look at meningitis | May 1996: by Philip A. Brunell, MD, Chief Medical Editor |
Departments |
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| Ask the Experts | May 1996: Just when you thought it was safe to go into the water |
| April 1996: Pediatricians have key role in identifying emerging infections | |
| Letters to the Editor | July 1996: NSAIDs and invasive streptococcal infections complicating varicella |
| Meetings and courses | Listings of seminars and conferences from throughout the U.S. and around the world. |
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